While one of entire cooling load. In most will beneit from each of these ive strategies, whether the cooling climates, temperatures during the summer after- climate is arid or humid. They may often work well, but winds tend to be most calm at night.
Designers can ask, What spaces such as circulation almost all passively cooled buildings. This strategy directs or morning meeting can happen in unconditioned out- the designer to consider the sectional quality of the build- door spaces? This strategy directs the designer to consider ing to enhance this gravity-driven ventilation system. In the combination of wind and sun directions when locat- a room cooled by stack-ventilation, warm air rises, exits ing outdoor rooms.
For example, in a hot climate, when through openings at the top of the room, and is replaced the summer sun and wind come from the same direction, by cooler air entering low in the room. Solar heat gain on the swings and can be located between the more protected roof is greatest in the middle of the day, when the sun is rooms and undesired heat sources, often the eastern or overhead in summer.
In most hot climates, the sun is high western sun, or the roof. These spaces can be used as enough in the sky for much of the day that a horizon- thermal buffer zones between the more extreme outside tal structure of overhead elements is effective at shading conditions and spaces that need somewhat more careful outdoor spaces, roofs, or entire buildings except in the temperature control.
This strategy directs strategy. If these spaces are in the same This bundle may be varied by the climatic context of arid- zone they can employ the same energy eficient design ity or humidity. It is like throwing money away not to employ The hot-humid bundle focuses on reducing it. In a signiicant number of climates, the wind is calm solar gain and maximizing ventilation across all scales.
Hot-Humid Situational Strategies In addition to the ive core strategies applicable to all buildings, this bundle variation adds these situational strategies that will apply to most buildings in hot-humid climates: PERMEABLE BUILDINGS : Because humid climates depend so greatly on ventilation for cooling, it is critical to pro- mote both cross- and stack-ventilation by making plans and sections open as a pathway for air.
Wind driven ventilation is, in general, more effective than stack-ventilation. Cross- ventilation outlets and stack ventilation outlets should face away from the prevailing wind. It cannot be cooled by the breeze and air becomes stagnant. Therefore, like indoor rooms, outdoor rooms and courts used in the hot season can be designed with shade and partial enclosure that promotes good ventilation.
Similarly, an elegant may be handled separately, thus avoiding overlighting or stack-ventilation section can not work for cooling if the overheating from glazed apertures. On the main sec- outlets in the long cupola. This is a good combination gain and exploiting a range of strategies orchestrated to with evaporative cooling, which can be used to sup- address the often extreme temperatures.
Arid climates plement mass cooling or can be used during the day, open the possibility of evaporative cooling and large daily depending on conditions. The location of massive and nonmassive elements In addition to the ive core strategies applicable to all can be a major driver of building order.
Mario Cucinella Architects designed a prototype design Their proportions are biased toward shade rather than for an Experimental Ofice Building in Catania, Sicily, wind, as in hot-humid climates.
The building is an already humid climate, work well in arid conditions by organized into cooling zones with spaces clustered around using gravity to drive air low without wind or fans and to a series of central cylindrical, glazed Downdraft Evapora- cool and humidify air.
They can cool when the air is much tive Cooling Towers that function when the air is too hot too hot for natural ventilation cooling alone. The shape of the towers is derived new research is available to guide designers Ford et al, Because designers think about energy lighting and power.
The bundle was born in part as a issues in more than one way, some bundles address multi- result of inding three challenges that surfaced in over a ple issues and others focus on a single energy issue. Some other—or not related—was sometimes implied but design situations are recurring, such as the problem of often opaque and required substantial practical how to bring in light through a roof or how to use the experience.
Navigation II. Synergies IV. Bundles V. Favorite Design Tools , condensed VI. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Mark DeKay. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF.
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